ESL Courses Introductory (General Education Writing Skills Requirement) Placement | Schedules - ESL 407 | Writing 1 Introduction to academic writing. Covers various methods of organizing paragraphs and essays, effective use of grammatical structures, editing and revising, and strategies for efficient reading. For those undergraduates whose first or dominant language is other than English, successful completion of ESL 407 and ESL 408 meets the university's writing requirement. Students may not receive credit for both ESL 407 and ENG 101. Please note: Students with TOEFL scores below 79/213/550 (iBT/CBT/Paper) must take ESL 407 concurrently with ESL 411 (fall) or ESL 412 (spring). - ESL 408 | Writing 2 Continues the development of academic writing. Covers rhetorical patterns in formal writing, critical reading, paraphrasing, citation, and the completion of a library research paper. For those undergraduates whose first of dominant language is other than English, successful completion of ESL 407 and ESL 408 meets the university's writing requirement. Students may not receive credit for both ESL 408 and either ENG 102 or ENG 201. - ESL 411/412 | Spoken English Speaking skills for the university context. Topics include preparation and delivery of individual and group presentations, understanding and practice of American idiomatic speech, and improvement of pronunciation. Reviews of students' videotaped presentations provide feedback. Please note: Students with TOEFL scores below 79/213/550 (iBT/CBT/Paper) must take ESL 407 concurrently with ESL 411 (fall) or ESL 412 (spring). Students with questions about ESL courses should direct them to the Director of ESL, Keith Otto, keo@buffalo.edu, 645-2077.