Sample Terms for Chapter 2
(revised 18 September 2001 21:48 EDT)
Following are some of the terms you need to know in preparation for
the first exam and for the remainder of the course. This is not an exhaustive
list but rather only a small sample of the terms and concepts introduced
in Chapter 2. Note that a few terms have different meanings depending on
their specific application (cf. “nucleus” in neuroanatomy vs. neurocytology).
Neurocytology/Neuromorphology
nucleus
soma
cytoplasm
cytoplasmic membrane
ion channels
dendrites
dendritic spines
axon
axon terminal
axon hillock
terminal boutton
node of Ranvier
myelin
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
neuroglia
monopolar cell
bipolar cell
multipolar cell
axoplasmic flow
anterograde transport
retrograde transport
Neurophysiology
membrane potential
action potential
resting potential
depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
threshold of excitation/depolarization threshold
absolute refractory period
relative refractory period
saltatory conduction
graded potentials/local potentials/decremental conduction
antidromic
orthodromic
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
voltage-gated ion channel
ligand-gated ion channel
sodium-potassium transporter/sodium-potassium pump
impulse-coupled release
spatial summation
temporal summation
multiple sclerosis
Synaptic Transmission
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicles
axoaxonic
axodendritic
axosomatic
dendrodendritic
dendrosomatic
autoreceptors
neuromuscular junction
ionotropic receptors
metabotropic receptors
G-proteins
second messengers